DHAKA (Realist English). Bangladesh’s Supreme Court on Thursday reinstated the nonpartisan caretaker government system for overseeing national elections, but ruled that the mechanism will not apply to the parliamentary polls scheduled for early next year.
The caretaker model, introduced in 1996, was widely hailed at home and abroad as a safeguard for fair elections in the country of 170 million people. Under the system, retired chief justices or other nonpartisan figures led interim administrations that organised elections within 90 days and handed power to the winners; the 2008 vote was held under a former central bank governor.
The court itself had recommended scrapping the system in 2011, during the tenure of then–Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, whose critics accused her of seeking to tighten control over future polls. Subsequent elections in 2014, 2018 and 2024 — all conducted under her Awami League government — kept Hasina in power and were widely dismissed by opposition parties and many observers as lacking credibility. The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), led by former Prime Minister Khaleda Zia, boycotted the 2014 and 2024 elections while demanding the return of a caretaker framework.
In a unanimous decision on Thursday, the Supreme Court’s seven-member bench granted two appeals and four review petitions challenging its 2011 verdict, ordering that the caretaker system be restored for the 14th national election since independence in 1971. However, the justices confirmed that the 13th election will be conducted under the current interim administration headed by Nobel Peace Prize laureate Muhammad Yunus.
Attorney General Mohammed Asaduzzaman welcomed the ruling, calling it a boost for democratic safeguards. “The caretaker government system has been declared supportive of Bangladesh’s democracy, and this may be elaborated in the full judgment of the court,” he told reporters. “We believe Bangladesh has now begun its journey on a truly democratic highway.”
Yunus assumed the role of interim leader three days after Hasina was toppled on August 5, 2024, in a mass uprising that ended her 15-year rule. She remains in exile in India and was sentenced to death on Monday after being convicted of crimes against humanity by a domestic tribunal.
Analysts say the country now faces a complex transition: managing a contentious election under a temporary government while preparing to reintroduce a caretaker model at the next electoral cycle. Many warn that how the Yunus administration handles the upcoming vote will shape public trust in the revived system — and determine whether Bangladesh can move away from the entrenched political crises that have defined its recent history.